Acids in Laboratories:Hydrocloric acid (HCl)dilute and concentrated

HCl (conc.) 12M (12N)
HCl (dil.)     5M (5N) (Approximately) Dilute 330 mL of conc. acid to 1 litre of water.

Acids in Laboratories:Glacial acetic acid and Acetic acid

Glacial acetic acid 17 M (17N)

Acetic acid(dil.) 5M (5N) Approx. Dilute 220 mL of glacial acetic acid with water to 1 litre.

Geothite:

The second most common mineral of iron after Heamatite, geothite has the formula FeO(OH) and is the principal component of yellow ochre,although it can also be in red color.

Gluon:

Gluon are subatomic particles that bind the fundamental particles 'quarks' together in the nucleus and so are integral to the stronger nuclear force.

Gluons have integer values of the spin quantum number. Quarks interact with one another by emitting and absorbing gluons, just as electrical subatomic particles interact through the emission or absorption of photons.Their existance was proved in 1979 with the observation of gluons by quarks in studies of high energy particle collisions.

An equilibrium constant of Nitric acid:

HNO3(g) + H2O(l) -------> NO3-(aq) + H3O+(aq)

The equilibrium constant expression is
                           K= [NO3-] [H3O+]
                               ---------------------
                                [HNO3] [H2O]

Calomel:

It is known as mercury(I) chloride or mercurous chloride Hg2cl2.calemol is heavy, soft, white mineral which can be fashioned into electrodes for use in electrochemical cells.

Absolute Alcohol:

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The common name given to ethanol ( ethyl alcohol) of low water content is absolute alcohol.Its chemical formula is CH3CH2OH.
Absolute alcohol has no more than 1% impurity; methanol and benzene being common impurities. Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of  Carbohydrates such as wheat or corn, or by the hydration of Ethene, which is the most common large scale industrial production technique.The relevant equation is:
            
                             CH2=CH2(g) + H2O -------> CH3CH2OH(g)

How halogens are detected in an organic compound in the presence of nitrogen and sulphur.

Sodium extract is first boiled with conc.nitric acid before adding silver nitrate solution for detection of halogens. Boiling with nitric acid will destroy the CN and S which if present will give white and black ppt. respectively.

Difference between Organic and Inorganic substances:

Organic compounds are generally covalent in nature whereas the inorganic salts are ionic.On contrary, Organic compounds are restricted to few elements like C, H,O,X, N, S and sometimes metals like Mg, Zn etc.

Chemistry Blog:A Guide Towards Specific Terms Used in Chemistry:

1- Define ( the term )...is intended literally.Only a formal statement or equivalent phrase being required.
2- What do you understand by( What is meant by terms....) normally implies that a definition should be given, together with some relevnt comments on significance of term(s) concerend, especially where two or more terms are included in the question. The amount of supplementary comment intended should be interpreted in the light of the indicated mark value.
3- state implies a concise answer with little or no supporting arguments.
4- Explain may imply reasoning or some reference to theory.
5- Use diagrams where appropriate.
6- Describe requires to state in words the main points of topic.
7- Predict or Deduce implies that the candidate is not expected to produce the answer by recall but by making a logical connection between other pieces of information.
8- Comment is intended as an open ended instruction.
9- Suggest is used to imply that there is no unique answer or expected to apply general knowledge.
10- Find is general term that may be interpreted as calculate, measure, determine etc.
11- Determine means that quantity concerned cannot be measured directly but is obtained by calculation.
12-Estimate implies a reasoned order of magnitude statement or calculation.
13- Sketch, when applied graph work.
14- Construct is often used in relation to chemical equation where a candidate is expected to write balanced chemical equations not by recall but by analogy.

SI Base Units:

1- Mass, Kilogram, Kg
2- Time, Second, s
3- Length, meter, m
4- Electric Current, ampere, A
5- Temperature, Kelvin, K
6- Amount of substance, mole, mol
7-Luminous intensity, candela, cd

Chemistry around the Globe.

Alchemy is a attractive skill with a abundant and famous history. Since time old people have struggled to cause good sense of the creation around them and to harness the powers of nature to their reward.The past Greeks divided up their world into II segments.
The dozen close to chemical element acknowledged to the ancients constituted those that they found approachable them, or that they were capable to acquire on the technology available at the time.Iron, Zinc, Mercury, sulfur and precious metals Silver and Gold have been employed their pure form or as alloys for thousands of year.
In the 20th century the an burst of synthetic material occurred; the present plastics had come into being.Use of semi-conducting metalloids such as Silicon and Germanium has opened the way for the most spectacular revolution in human race handling of its surroundings.